Windows commads

The following table contains new keyboard shortcuts that you can use in Windows. The following table contains general keyboard shortcuts in Windows. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that you can use in dialog boxes.

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with items on the desktop taskbar. Remote Desktop Connection on the desktop keyboard shortcuts. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with the Help viewer.

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for rearranging modern apps. Support for Windows 7 ended on January 14, We recommend you move to a Windows 11 PC to continue to receive security updates from Microsoft. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for use in dialog boxes.

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that use the Windows logo key Press this key To do this Windows logo key Open or close the Start menu.

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Remote Desktop Connection. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Paint. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with WordPad. The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Calculator. Press the. Press the n!

The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Windows Journal. Need more help? Join the discussion. Was this information helpful?

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Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened. Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph. When a group or tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it in the direction specified. When a tile is in focus on the Start menu, move it into another tile to create a folder. Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop.

Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are available. Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document.

Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first. Take a screenshot of your whole screen and copy it to the clipboard. Open Quick Settings. Open Chat from Microsoft Teams.

Turn on color filters enable this shortcut first in Color Filter settings. Turn HDR on or off. Launch voice typing. Open Cast from Quick Settings.

Open notification center and calendar. Record video of game window in focus using Xbox Game Bar. Open the clipboard history. Note Clipboard history isn't turned on by default. Open Widgets. Switch input between Windows Mixed Reality and your desktop. Open the snap layouts. Snap window in focus to top half of screen. New with Windows Remove current app from screen or minimize the desktop window.

Snap window in focus to bottom half of screen. Maximize the app or desktop window to the left side of the screen. Maximize the app or desktop window to the right side of the screen. Minimize all except the active desktop window restores all windows on second stroke.

Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen. Move an app or window in the desktop from one monitor to another. Save screenshot of game window in focus to file using Xbox Game Bar. Perform the command or select the option that is used with that letter. Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.

Display the current selection if it's collapsed , or select the first subfolder. The program searches data carriers for errors. You can create, delete, change, and display all scheduled tasks.

EXE and lets you configure them. All Win subst Assigns a drive letter to a path to create a virtual drive. The process ID also has to be specified, which is required for the taskkill command, for example. The command Is used in batch files and scripts. Spaces are allowed, but not all special characters such as a slash, for example, because they may be interpreted as instructions for a parameter. The command takes into account all subdirectories starting from the given path.

You can use the asterisk as a wild card. After the command, changes are applied to the entire system again localization is started with setlocal. The program is part of Internet Explorer, but can also be used in the command prompt. This command is usually used in batch and script files. Usually used for batch and script files.

Can be extended by not if commands are only not to be executed under certain conditions. The command can also change the names of directories. By default, the command overwrites other files with the same name when moving files to the destination. Directory and drive cannot be changed this way or use the rename command.

This is an extended version of copy and xcopy. There are a total of 72 parameters with which the copy command can be modified. After the command, changes only apply to these files localization is started with endlocal. DOS verify When enabled, checks whether files are written correctly on a data drive.

The check is disabled in the standard settings. In this way, the command offers various additional options. These can be recovered with restore replaced by msbackup. DOS bcdboot Creates and repairs start files. This sets access rights outdated — replaced by icacls in newer Windows versions. Is only available to support older DOS programs. An older version of the command is called dblspace. XP fdisk Creates, deletes, and manages partitions on the hard drive.

Use diskpart in newer Windows versions. This sets access rights. An outdated version of this command is cacls. All Win logman Creates and manages event trace sessions and performance logs.

Use -on to encrypt a drive. Use -off to decrypt it again and end BitLocker protection. All Win mountvol Creates and deletes mount points for drives and displays them. XP pkgmgr Installs, uninstalls, and configures packages and functions for Windows.

Users can create new keys reg add or delete them reg delete. The files should be saved on a replacement drive. You can also use the rwinsta command.

DOS rwinsta Command has the same function as reset. Settings can also be configured, imported, and exported with this command. Incorrect versions are replaced by correct ones. This makes it bootable. The information can be obtained from the local system as well as a remote computer. These are virtual smartcards encrypted on the basis of the Trusted Platform Model. DOS unlock Unlocks a drive that was locked with the lock command. DOS vssadmin Manages the volume shadow copy services that can be used to store different versions snapshots of drives.

All Win winsat Evaluates various system factors — for example, processor performance or graphical capabilities. Various Windows settings can be changed here — both locally and on remote computers. XP certreq Manages and creates certificate registration requirements for certification authorities. The command offers additional options: For example, you can activate debugging with -d.

DOS intersvr Starts an interlnk server and transfers data from one computer to another via serial or parallel connection. XP irftp Transfers files via infrared connection, if one is available.

Also enables the command to delete tickets purge. To use the command, enable NFS services. You can also specify another DNS server. XP pathping Provides information on forwarding and package loss when sending over a network and also specifies the latency. The duration of the echo can also be specified.

Ping signals can be sent continuously with -t. All Win qappsrv Displays all available remote computers in the network. The result displays the programs on the remote computer to use the command, NFS services on Windows have to be enabled first.

These are unique identifiers for services on a network that uses Kerberos authentication. The user can also actively control the remote computer. To use the command, the TFTP client first needs to be enabled in the system settings.

All packages have a set time-to-live TTL , which is increased gradually with the command. All Win tscon Connects the current local user session with a session on a remote computer.

If the target computer supports it, the entire computer can be turned off in this way. XP umount Removes mounted network file system drives. To use the command, the NFS functions first have to be enabled in the system settings.

Computers within a network are synchronized with one another through this command. These are forwarded from remote event sources that support the WS management protocol. If you want to disable encryption, use -un. Related Products. View packages. Build a real estate website With a real estate website, you can set yourself apart from the competition Handyman website With the right tools, a homepage for tradesmen can be created quickly and legally compliant Enter the web address of your choice in the search bar to check its availability.

Calls a batch file within another batch file. Displays the current directory and lets you switch to other directories. Changes the current code page character set table or shows the page count of the current code page.

Forwards the result of a command to the clipboard. For example, you can copy the directory structure dir. Changes the background first value and text color second value of the command prompt. Displays the current date and allows you to change it. Starts debug, a program that can test and modify programs within the command prompt. Displays all folders and files within the current directory.

Creates macros, recalls commands, and edits command input. Opens the DOS shell, a graphical file management tool. Displays a message and is mainly used within scripts and batch files. Creates and edits text files within the command prompt. Writes the position of a program into a specified list, which is in the working memory and should accelerate the start of programs.

Searches through a file or multiple files for a particular character sequence. Finds character sequences in one or multiple files.

Enables the option to use extended characters of a specific code page in graphics mode. Changes the country settings of the keyboard for DOS programs only included in Windows for compatibility reasons.

Logs the user out of Windows. Sends a file to a computer that uses a line printer daemon LPD. Creates a new directory on the specified path. Outputs the content of a file for example, a text file by the page. Sends a message to another user. Provides country-specific information for language support.

Runs backup services directly from the command line or as part of batch or script files. Creates and displays the path for searching executable files. Pauses execution in batch files and scripts. Changes to the folder saved by the pushd command. Prints a text file. Saves a specific path into a script or batch file. Deletes a directory. Allows a user to run commands with the rights of another user. Starts Microsoft ScanDisk. Sets the execution of specified programs and commands for a specified point in time.

Displays environmental variables of CMD. Lists out data from a file or command and outputs it again sorted — directly in the command prompt, in a new file, or in another output. Opens a new command prompt window in which you can run a specific program or command. Assigns a drive letter to a path to create a virtual drive. Ends one or more running tasks.

Lists all running processes — also on remote computers, if desired. Displays the current time and allows it to be changed. Stops a process for a specified time.

Drivers remain among the most important software installed on a PC. Improperly configured, missing, or old drivers in Windows can cause all sorts of trouble, so it's good to have access to a list of what's on your PC.

That's exactly what the driverquery command does. You can extend it to driverquery -v to obtain more information, including the directory in which the driver is installed. You can use this command to identify differences in text between two files.

It's particularly useful for writers and programmers trying to find small changes between two versions of a file. Simply type fc and then the directory path and file name of the two files you want to compare. You can also extend the command in several ways. This command relays the IP address that your computer is currently using.

However, if you're behind a router like most computers today , you'll instead receive the local network address of the router. Still, ipconfig is useful because of its extensions. These commands are great if the Windows network troubleshooter chokes, which does happen on occasion. Entering the command netstat -an will provide you with a list of currently open ports and related IP addresses. This command will also tell you what state the port is in; listening, established, or closed.

This is a great command for when you're trying to troubleshoot devices connected to your PC or when you fear a Trojan infected your system and you're trying to locate a malicious connection. Sometimes, you need to know whether or not packets are making it to a specific networked device. That's where ping comes in handy. Typing ping followed by an IP address or web domain will send a series of test packets to the specified address. If they arrive and are returned, you know the device is capable of communicating with your PC; if it fails, you know that there's something blocking communication between the device and your computer.

This can help you decide if the root of the issue is an improper configuration or a failure of network hardware. This is a more advanced version of ping that's useful if there are multiple routers between your PC and the device you're testing. Like ping, you use this command by typing pathping followed by the IP address, but unlike ping, pathping also relays some information about the route the test packets take. The tracert command is similar to pathping.

Once again, type tracert followed by the IP address or domain you'd like to trace. You'll receive information about each step in the route between your PC and the target.

Unlike pathping, however, tracert also tracks how much time in milliseconds each hop between servers or devices takes. Powercfg is a very powerful command for managing and tracking how your computer uses energy. When enabled, you can use these devices to bring your computer out of standby, even remotely. You can enable this by selecting the device in Device Manager , opening its properties, going to the Power Management tab, and then checking the Allow this device to wake the computer box. You can use this command to troubleshoot your PC if it seems to wake from sleep at random.

The report saves to the directory indicated after the command finishes. This report will let you know of any system faults that might increase power consumption, like devices blocking certain sleep modes, or poorly configured to respond to your power management settings.

Normally output to your Windows user directory, the report provides details about the time and length of charge and discharge cycles, lifetime average battery life, and estimated battery capacity. Windows 8 introduced the shutdown command that, you guessed it, shuts down your computer. This is useful if you want to restart your computer for troubleshooting purposes. This command will give you a detailed configuration overview of your computer.